About the CDMA2000

About the CDMA2000

There are different platforms or types of 3G technology. Each manufacturer has created and developed some of the most innovative products and mobile handsets. The CDMA2000 is one of the 3 major types. It has different features and tools also that will surely give you a whole new experience, unlike other technologies before it. Here are the details on how to make the most out of the specification.

Introduction

The CDMA2000 specification was created and developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project 2 or 3GPP2, which is a partnership that consists of 5 telecommunication standard bodies: TTC and ARIB in Japan, TTA in Korea, TIA in North America and CWTS in China. CDMA2000 has been implemented to a lot of networks as an evolutionary step from CDMAOne. CDMA2000 gives a full backward compatibility with IS-95B.

CDMA2000 is not contained only into a single IMT-2000 and, although managers have the ability to overlay ACDMA2000 1x system. The system backs 144 Kbps at present, with data rates running up to 307 Kbps in the near future, over the other present CDMAOne network.

Evolving the Technology

CDMA2000 1xEV is the other name of the evolved CDMA2000. This technology will be implemented via a number of steps, namely the 1xEV-DV and 1xEV-DO. 1xEV-DO which represents 1x Evolution Data Only. 1xEV-DV represents 1x Evolution Data and Voice. The two 1xEV CDMA2000 evolution steps will use a carrier standard 1.25 Mhz. 1xEV-DO will most likely be available for the operators CDMA2000 during 2002. The solutions for 1xEV-DV were made available in 2004.

CDMA2000 3x and CDMA2000 1x EV-DO are approved by ITU and IMT-2000 3G basics. CDMA2000 3x is a portion of what the ITU has called IMT-2000 CDMA MC or Multi Carrier. This uses a lower than 5 MHz spectrum via 3x 1.25 MHz channels to provide speeds of more than 2 Mbps.

The Technical Summary

As for the summary of the CDMA2000, the frequency band can be any type or existing and. The minimum frequency band needed for 1x is 2 x 1.25 MHz. For 3x, the required is 2 x 3.75 Mhz. Chip rate for 1x is 1.2288. For 3x, chip rate is 3.6864 Mcps.

The maximum user data rate for 1x is 144 Kbps at present and 307 Kbps in the near future. As for 1xEV-DO, the max rate is 384 Kbps to 2.4 Mbps. The frame length is 5 ms, 10 ms or 20 ms. As for power control rate, it is at 800 Hz. The spreading factors are 4 256 UL.

On WCDMA

W-CDMA in 3G is known as wideband code division multiple access. It is one of the main technologies used for the implementation of 3G cellular systems. It is founded on the radio access method give by ETSI Alpha group with the features and specifications finalized in 1999.

The implementation of W-CDMA will cover very technical details. The complexity of the systems can be seen from various angles. These include the complexity of the receiver, the complexity of the overall system and the complexity of the single algorithm.

In W-CDMA, the interface allows users of 3G to instantly send and get various data rates. UMTS networks will need the support of all current 2G services and several new services and applications. You should consider if this will be the right technique for you.

3G History and Background

3G History and Background

3G has dominated the modern world in just a few years. Although the technology is relatively new, there are already so many devices taking advantage of the functions. You can use it regardless of location, so work and leisure becomes more efficient. You have to know a little about 3G history to know how unique it is compared to other updates in the past.

Here are some details and applications of the technology.

Defining 3G

3G is also called third generation. It is named as such because it is the third generation of the standards of telecommunication hardware. It is also the general technology for mobile networking, passing the recent 2.5G. The technology is founded on the ITU or International Telecommunication Union group of standards which belongs to the IMT-2000.

3G networks allow network operators to provide users a bigger range of the latest services, as it gets bigger network capacity via heightened spectral efficiency. The included services are video calls, wide-area wireless voice telephone and broadband wireless information, all included within the mobile environment. More features included are HSPA data transmission capacities that can send data rates reaching 14.4 Mbit/s on the downlink and the uplink at 5.8 Mbit/s.

Networks

Different to the IEEE 802.11 networks, that are usually known as WLAN or Wi-Fi networks, the 3G networks cover a very wide area of cellular telephone networks that turn into incorporate high-speed internet connection and video telephony. IEEE 802.11 networks have a short range, with high-bandwidth networks mainly created and improved for data and information.

History and Start

The first 3G network offered for commercial use was launched in Japan by NTT DoCoMo. The network had the brand name FOMA and was introduced in May 2001 on a W-CDMA technology pre-release. The initial commercial launch of 3G was also done by NTT DoCoMo in Japan. This happened on October 1, 2001, although the technology was still very limited in terms of scope at the beginning. The broad availability, due to inadequate reliability had to be delayed.

SK Telecom from South Korea was the second network that was released commercially live. This was on the 1xEV-DO technology dated January 2002. In May 2002, the second 3G network from South Korea was on EV-DO by KTF, posing Koreans as the first to view the competition of all 3G operators.

Isle of Man by Manx Telcom was the first pre-commercial network released from Europe. At that time, the operator went by the name British Telecom. Telenor opened the first commercial network in Europe for business in December 2001. There were no commercial handsets, however, so there was also zero clients. These were on the W-CDMA technology.

The United States

The first 3G network in the United States that was released commercially was by Monet Mobile Networks. This was on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology. Later on, the network provider had to shut down operations. Verizon Wireless released the second 3G network operator in the United States in October 2003.

This was on CDMA2000 EV-DO, with a strongly growing network since. More and more countries adopted the changing technology and incorporated the use of 3G with mobile phones and handsets. Today, 3G is a very common feature among modern models and designs, with more innovations and heightened efficiency being introduced every year.

Bluetooth Glossary

Bluetooth Glossary

Below, you’ll find a list of the most used terms in Bluetooth technology. They can serve as a look up, or to help you learn more about Bluetooth terms in general.

2 in 1 handset
The situation where a subscriber’s handset is acting as a remote handset to a base unit that provides a network connection.

3G
Third generation, referring to the next generation of digital phone technology.

802.11 WLAN
A wireless LAN specification defined by the IEEE.

Access code
Each base band packet will start with an access code, which can be one of 3 types – CAC, DAC, and IAC.

ACK
Acknowledge.

ACL
Asynchronous Connectionless Link. This is one of the two types of data links that are defined for Bluetooth.

ACO
Authenticated Ciphering Offset.

Active mode
During the active mode, the unit will actively participate on the channel. The master will schedule the transmission based on traffic demands from the different slaves.

AP

Access point.

Authentication
The process of verifying who is at the opposite end of the link.

Authentication device
A device whose identity has been verified during the lifetime of the current link based on the authentication procedure.

Baseband
This describes the specification of the digital signal processing aspect of the hardware – the controller – which carries out the baseband protocols.

BB
Abbreviation of baseband.

BD
Bluetooth device.

BER
Bit Error Rate.

The above is more of an intro to the terms that are used with Bluetooth. Bluetooth currently has hundreds of devices, making it the best wireless solution in the world. With more coming out every day, you can bet that Bluetooth will be around for many years to come.

If you are new to Bluetooth, the terms used can be very helpful. There are hundreds of glossary terms that apply to Bluetooth, many of which describe shortcuts to common terms. You can learn a lot by reading over the meanings, especially if you have never used Bluetooth technology before.

Those of you who have experience with Bluetooth, can look over the glossary of terms to brush up on your knowledge or just check out what an unfamiliar term actually means. Nothing is complicated with the meanings, although they make take some getting used to.

Once you have been around Bluetooth for a while, you’ll find yourself right at home with the terms and meanings to the technology. All you need to do is play around with it, and read books or manuals whenever you get the chance. Before you know it, you’ll be a professional in the vast world of Bluetooth wireless.