Where 3G is Now

Where 3G is Now

Technology changes very quickly, which is why you have to be very sure about the gadgets and tools you purchase to get the most benefits. There are several generations available, as far as mobile phones are concerned. You may find that some are still very functional enough to provide for your personal and professional needs.

Here are some details about the technology and corresponding network.

The Technical Terms

Generations are defined according to their period of existence. The first kinds are 1G networks, namely C-Nets, NMT, TACS and AMPS which are categorized among the first analogue cellular systems. These began in the early periods of the 1980s.

There are radio telephone systems before these. The 2G networks, namely DAMPS, GSM and CDMAOne are the initial digital cellular systems released during the early 1990s. The 2.5G networks, CDMA2000 1x and GPRS are the improved versions of the 2G networks with information speeds moving up to 144 Kbps.

3G networks, namely UMTS TDD and UMTS FDD, CDMA2000 3x, TD-SCDMA, CDMA2000 1x EVDO, Arib WCDMA, IMT-2000 DECT and EDGE are the most recent cellular networks with data rates ranging up to 384 Kbit/s and higher. 4G is generally a marketing concept at present.

There are already studies and research being conducted to develop the 4G, although no frequencies have been assigned yet. This newest technology is expected to launch in 2012.

The International Groups

ETSI or European Telecommunications Standards Institute is functioning in Europe to improve technical standards for the UMTS. 3GPP or 3rd Generation Partnership Project is a participation between international standards groups will lead to UMTS and 3G mobile telephony technical specifications.

The starting members include TTC and ARIB from Japan, TTA of Korea, T1 (ANSI) of the United States and ETSI from Europe. The function of the groups is presented globally by the ITU or International Telecommunication Union.

ITU direct worldwide spectrum and the standardization of IMT2000, lets regional regulatory policies work together and is a framework and base for 3G combination over different technologies and regions.

The UMTS Forum shows the opinions and views of the telecommunication operators and industry. These are a mobile operator group, together with GSM Associates. European Union or EU brings together the 15 members on implementation of the UMTS.

Comparing UMTS

UMTS is quite different and unique from other 2G networks at present. It offers higher speech quality that available networks now have, in addition to speech traffic UMTS, with information services and advanced information. UMTS is advantageous compared to 2G because of its capacity to support 2 Mbit/s data speeds.

UMTS is considered as a true global system, made of both satellite and terrestrial components. The consistent service area is one of the best aspects, even when the person is roaming through the VHE or Virtual Home Environment. Users still get to have a variety of services, despite a roaming status.

Being Wideband

WCDMA is called wideband, because 3G WCDMA systems have a bandwidth of 5 MHz in a single direction. 5 MHz is not considered wide or narrow, but the bandwidth is relatively very high.

The recent 3G WCDMA systems have a bigger bandwidth compared to current 2G CDMA systems. The new 3G WCDMA systems have wider bandwidth compared to current CDMA systems. There are also commercial CDMA systems with 20 MHz bandwidth.

About the CDMA2000

About the CDMA2000

There are different platforms or types of 3G technology. Each manufacturer has created and developed some of the most innovative products and mobile handsets. The CDMA2000 is one of the 3 major types. It has different features and tools also that will surely give you a whole new experience, unlike other technologies before it. Here are the details on how to make the most out of the specification.

Introduction

The CDMA2000 specification was created and developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project 2 or 3GPP2, which is a partnership that consists of 5 telecommunication standard bodies: TTC and ARIB in Japan, TTA in Korea, TIA in North America and CWTS in China. CDMA2000 has been implemented to a lot of networks as an evolutionary step from CDMAOne. CDMA2000 gives a full backward compatibility with IS-95B.

CDMA2000 is not contained only into a single IMT-2000 and, although managers have the ability to overlay ACDMA2000 1x system. The system backs 144 Kbps at present, with data rates running up to 307 Kbps in the near future, over the other present CDMAOne network.

Evolving the Technology

CDMA2000 1xEV is the other name of the evolved CDMA2000. This technology will be implemented via a number of steps, namely the 1xEV-DV and 1xEV-DO. 1xEV-DO which represents 1x Evolution Data Only. 1xEV-DV represents 1x Evolution Data and Voice. The two 1xEV CDMA2000 evolution steps will use a carrier standard 1.25 Mhz. 1xEV-DO will most likely be available for the operators CDMA2000 during 2002. The solutions for 1xEV-DV were made available in 2004.

CDMA2000 3x and CDMA2000 1x EV-DO are approved by ITU and IMT-2000 3G basics. CDMA2000 3x is a portion of what the ITU has called IMT-2000 CDMA MC or Multi Carrier. This uses a lower than 5 MHz spectrum via 3x 1.25 MHz channels to provide speeds of more than 2 Mbps.

The Technical Summary

As for the summary of the CDMA2000, the frequency band can be any type or existing and. The minimum frequency band needed for 1x is 2 x 1.25 MHz. For 3x, the required is 2 x 3.75 Mhz. Chip rate for 1x is 1.2288. For 3x, chip rate is 3.6864 Mcps.

The maximum user data rate for 1x is 144 Kbps at present and 307 Kbps in the near future. As for 1xEV-DO, the max rate is 384 Kbps to 2.4 Mbps. The frame length is 5 ms, 10 ms or 20 ms. As for power control rate, it is at 800 Hz. The spreading factors are 4 256 UL.

On WCDMA

W-CDMA in 3G is known as wideband code division multiple access. It is one of the main technologies used for the implementation of 3G cellular systems. It is founded on the radio access method give by ETSI Alpha group with the features and specifications finalized in 1999.

The implementation of W-CDMA will cover very technical details. The complexity of the systems can be seen from various angles. These include the complexity of the receiver, the complexity of the overall system and the complexity of the single algorithm.

In W-CDMA, the interface allows users of 3G to instantly send and get various data rates. UMTS networks will need the support of all current 2G services and several new services and applications. You should consider if this will be the right technique for you.